Sleep apnea is a breathing disorder that disrupts sleep, with repeated pauses in breathing that can last from a few seconda to several minutes. There are two main types:
- Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA): blockage of the airways caudes by the relaxation of the throat muscles.
- Central sleep apnea (CSA): a communication issue between the brain and the muscles responsible for breathing.
Common symptoms:
- Loud snoring
- Observed breathing pauses during sleep
- Excessive fatigue, difficulty concentrating, morning headaches
- Dry mouth or sore throat
- Nocturia (frequent need to urinate at night)
- Memory problems
- Irritability
Health consequences:
Sleep apnea can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (hypertension), type 2 diabetes, depression, cognitive disorders, and chronic fatigue.
Risk factors:
- Overweight or obesity
- Family history
- Male sex, older age
- History of heart disease, high blood pressure, or diabetes
Diagnosis and treatments:
Diagnosis is made through a sleep test. Treatments include:
- CPAP: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure device to keep the airways open
- Surgery: to correct certain anatomical issues
- Lifestyle changes: weight loss, quitting smoking, avoiding alcohol before bedtime
If you are experiencing symptoms, consult a healthcare professional for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Taking care of your sleep is essential for your overall well-being !
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